每日一题[858]共线时的长度转化

如图,已知$A,B$两点在椭圆$C:\dfrac{{{x^2}}}{m} + {y^2} = 1$($m > 1$),直线$AB$上两个不同的点$P,Q$满足$\left| {AP} \right|:\left| {PB} \right| = \left| {AQ} \right|:\left| {QB} \right|$,且$P$点的坐标为$\left( {1, 0} \right)$,求点$Q$的轨迹方程.


cover

分析与解 设直线$AB$为$\begin{cases} x = 1 + t,\\y = kt,\end{cases}$ 其中$A,B,Q$对应的参数分别为${t_1},{t_2},{t_0}$,则$$\left| {\dfrac{{{t_1}}}{{{t_2}}}} \right| = \left| {\dfrac{{{t_0} - {t_1}}}{{{t_0} - {t_2}}}} \right|,$$易知$$\dfrac{{{t_1}}}{{{t_2}}} \ne \dfrac{{{t_0} - {t_1}}}{{{t_0} - {t_2}}}.$$
所以$$\dfrac{{{t_1}}}{{{t_2}}} = \dfrac{{{t_0} - {t_1}}}{{{t_2} - {t_0}}},$$即 $${t_0} = \dfrac{{2{t_1}{t_2}}}{{{t_1} + {t_2}}},$$ 联立直线与椭圆,有$\dfrac{1}{m}{\left( {t + 1} \right)^2} + {k^2}{t^2} - 1 = 0$,即$$\left( {{k^2} + \dfrac{1}{m}} \right){t^2} + \dfrac{2}{m}t + \dfrac{1}{m} - 1 = 0,$$
所以$${t_0} = \dfrac{{2\left( {\frac{1}{m} - 1} \right)}}{{ - \frac{2}{m}}} = m - 1,$$
于是点$Q$的轨迹方程为$x = m$.

此条目发表在每日一题分类目录,贴了标签。将固定链接加入收藏夹。

发表回复